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M&A Insurance & Transaction-Related Risks

If a risk is blocking the deal, it doesn't have to remain in the purchase agreement

Tax-related deal breakers, unresolved legal issues, far-reaching warranties, a large escrow, or contingent liabilities can significantly impact the purchase price, liability structure, and transaction security. Such a risk becomes insurable only when the facts, legal position, economic exposure, and available information are consolidated in such a way that the market can make an underwriting decision.

Risk Partners operates at the intersection of SPA negotiations, due diligence, and risk transfer. We assess marketability at an early stage, structure the risk profile, prepare the available transaction information for market outreach, and negotiate coverage, exclusions, and terms with the appropriate markets and risk providers.

The specific insurance structure that actually enhances a deal depends on the transaction itself: reduced seller liability, better protection for the buyer, less capital tied up in escrow, or greater planning certainty leading up to signing and closing. The product follows the structure, not the other way around.

When an SPA, escrow, or indemnity are not sufficient

M&A and transaction-related insurance solutions go beyond simply covering breaches of warranty. They become relevant when the risk allocation in the SPA is not economically viable, when an identified risk is blocking negotiations, or when an insurance solution reduces liability, releases funds held in escrow, or facilitates signing or closing. Typical situations include:

  • Seller liability, escrow, holdback, or purchase price retention should be reduced.
  • The buyer wishes to protect itself against financial losses resulting from unknown or undisclosed breaches of warranty.
  • Identified tax, legal, environmental, title, or regulatory risks should be structured outside the scope of traditional W&I coverage and, where appropriate, insured.
  • A specific exemption, a W&I exclusion, or a defined individual risk should not remain entirely with the buyer or seller.
  • The seller may offer no guarantees or only limited guarantees, for example in the case of insolvency sales, carve-outs, or distressed assets.
  • Tax risks, contingent liabilities, or legal disputes are to be transferred to the insurance market regardless of any specific transaction.
  • Auction processes, buy-and-build strategies, or dual-track and pre-IPO processes require an early assessment of insurability, timing, and market positioning.
  • In the event of a change of control, signing, closing, or post-closing integration, the target’s D&O run-off, management liability, or existing insurance programs must be reviewed.

Topics and Solutions

Warranty & Indemnity (W&I) Insurance

Coverage for financial losses resulting from breaches of warranty in the M&A agreement, including tax exemptions within the scope of W&I coverage. W&I is frequently used to protect buyers, limit seller liability, and reduce the need for escrow or holdback arrangements.

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Tax Liability Insurance

Coverage for specific tax risks, such as those arising from transaction structures, tax audits, reorganizations, cross-border situations, or disputed issues of interpretation. Tax insurance policies can also be purchased independently of specific transactions.

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Title Insurance

Protection against losses arising from defects in ownership, title, or rights of use relating to real estate, real estate companies, or investment structures. Particularly relevant in real estate transactions, complex asset structures, and cross-border matters.

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Secondary and Continuation Funds

Structuring W&I, tax, contingent risk, and management liability solutions for GP-led secondaries, continuation funds, and secondary buyouts, particularly in cases involving limited seller recourse, LP liquidity, and lead investor protection.

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Contingent and Litigation Risk Insurance

Hedging of known individual risks whose occurrence, magnitude, or legal assessment is uncertain. These may include regulatory, contractual, state aid, or procedural risks, including selected litigation and ATE structures.

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Specific Indemnity Insurance

Coverage for a specifically negotiated exclusion, a W&I exclusion, or a defined individual risk, if such a risk cannot be covered—or cannot be fully covered—by a traditional W&I policy. This coverage can be provided either separately or as a supplement to W&I coverage.

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Environmental Liability Insurance

Coverage for environmental, contaminated site, contamination, and remediation risks, including third-party claims and government-mandated remediation orders. Particularly relevant for industrial, infrastructure, energy, and real estate transactions.

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Political Risk Insurance

Protection of international investments against political risks such as expropriation, transfer restrictions, currency inconvertibility, political violence, government intervention, or breaches of contract by the government.

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IP Insurance

Mitigating risks arising from intellectual property infringements, freedom-to-operate uncertainties, or disputed IP positions. This is particularly relevant for transactions involving a significant amount of intellectual property, as well as for companies that develop, license, or exploit patent-protected technologies.

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D&O Run-off & Management Liability Insurance

Mitigation of directors’ and officers’ liability risks in connection with a change of control, sale, acquisition, or restructuring. Particular emphasis is placed on run-off solutions for breaches of duty committed prior to closing and the continuity of the management liability structure after closing.

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Insurance Due Diligence

Review of existing insurance programs, claims history, coverage gaps, change-of-control clauses, and the target’s post-closing requirements, including the insurance structure effective from Day 1.

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Dual Track & Exit Readiness

Coordinating insurance-related matters during concurrent M&A and IPO processes, particularly W&I, D&O run-off, management liability, and POSI. The goal is to prepare both exit options from an insurance perspective in such a way that the requirements of the M&A and capital markets processes do not conflict.

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Focus on Target Audiences

Transaction parties and investors

Private Equity and Venture Capital

Buy-side acquisitions, portfolio exits, buy-and-build strategies, secondary transactions, management rollovers, distressed situations, or fund wind-downs.

Strategic Buyers

Protection against financial losses resulting from breaches of warranty, structuring of identified individual risks, and classification of legacy liabilities, insurance gaps, change-of-control issues, and the target’s post-closing requirements.

Seller, Founder, Partner, and Insolvency Administrator

Limiting residual liability, reducing tied-up purchase price components, structuring an exit with a reduced liability profile, and securing specific indemnities. For insolvency sales, carve-outs, or distressed assets: evaluating synthetic W&I or alternative indemnification structures.

Asset managers, family offices, and institutional investors

Acquisition, sale, or financing of equity investments, real assets, international structures, and investments involving complex legal or tax issues.

Advisors and parties to the proceedings

M&A Lawyers

Early assessment of insurability; coordination of SPA terms, warranty provisions, the disclosure process, W&I exclusions, and underwriting requirements.

Corporate Finance and M&A Consultant

Preparing auction processes, obtaining indicative terms, structuring sell-side processes, and providing support for timing, bidder communication, and market outreach.

Restructuring Consultant

Providing insurance-related support for restructuring and turnaround processes; assessing insurable risks in debt-to-equity transactions, carve-outs, and asset deals; and coordinating with insolvency administrators and financing parties.

Tax Advisors and Transaction Tax Teams

Assessment, structuring, and analysis of specific tax risks for the insurance market, particularly in connection with reorganizations, cross-border structures, tax audits, or disputed issues of interpretation.

Companies with a specific risk or transaction profile

Management, Boards, and Portfolio Companies

D&O run-off, management liability, IPO-related issues, and the ability to maintain the insurance structure after closing.

Tech, Deep Tech, Life Sciences, and IP-intensive companies

Transactions involving risks related to intellectual property, data protection, cybersecurity, clinical matters, regulatory issues, product liability, or licensing.

Real Estate, Infrastructure, Energy, and Industrial Assets

Transactions involving title, environmental, contaminated site, permitting, regulatory, or country-specific risk issues.

Start-ups and Scale-ups

Funding rounds, exit readiness, management liability, cyber/E&O, and preparation for capital market- or transaction-related processes.

How We Work

Ideally, we get involved early on. The later we become involved in an ongoing process, the less room there is for exclusion negotiations, alternative structuring approaches, and aligning the expectations of all parties involved. An initial assessment of marketability is usually possible on short notice. If a risk is unlikely to be placed, we state this clearly before time is spent approaching the market without a realistic prospect of a viable offer.

We first assess the risk and the transaction structure, including whether an insurance solution is the right approach at all or whether the matter would be better addressed in the SPA. For the initial market approach, we prepare the risk profile and the available transaction documents. After selecting the preferred insurer, we assist with the underwriting process, coordinate the provision of additional documentation, and negotiate coverage, exclusions, deductibles, and terms and conditions through to the issuance of the final policy.

Indicative quotes are evaluated based on coverage scope, exclusions, deductibles, enhancement potential, feasibility within the deal timeline, claims handling, and the insurer’s market reputation. This results in a recommendation that balances price, coverage, and feasibility.

Even after the policy has been issued, Risk Partners remains your point of contact. Whether you have questions about coverage, post-closing matters, or a claim, we will support you in your dealings with the insurer as your broker.

Why Risk Partners?

Risk Partners is owner-managed and operates without its own underwriting offices, exclusive product platforms, or predetermined placement channels. The choice of risk-takers depends on their experience, risk appetite, and actual decision-making authority in each specific case.

In auction processes involving multiple bidder groups, we can manage separate process strands (trees) with independent market outreach. Information flows are kept separate to ensure the confidentiality of each bidder’s information (Chinese walls).

We review transaction-related documents from an insurance perspective without assuming the role of legal or tax advisors. Based on the SPA structure, warranty schedule, disclosure process, due diligence findings, and tax or legal memos, we identify which points are relevant for placement, exclusions, and underwriting. Market feedback is incorporated into the process in such a way that the deal team and advisors can use it for SPA negotiations, disclosure, and process planning.

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